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³í¹®¸í ¹° ±â¹Ý Ãà¿­Á¶ÀÇ Ãà¿­ ¹æÇâ ¹× À¯·® º¯È­¿¡ µû¸¥ ¼ºÃþÈ­ Ư¼º ½ÇÇè ¹× ¼öÄ¡ÇØ¼® ¿¬±¸ / Experimental and Numerical Study on Stratification Characteristics of a Water-Based Thermal Energy Storage Tank under Different Charging Directions and Flow Rates
ÀúÀÚ¸í ¹®¼±¿µ(Sunyoung Moon) ; Á¤À¶(Yoong Chung) ; À̰øÈÆ(Konghoon Lee) ; ±èµ¿È£(Dongho Kim)
¹ßÇà»ç ´ëÇѼ³ºñ°øÇÐȸ
¼ö·Ï»çÇ× ¼³ºñ°øÇÐ³í¹®Áý, Vol.38 No.5 (2026-05)
ÆäÀÌÁö ½ÃÀÛÆäÀÌÁö(271) ÃÑÆäÀÌÁö(10)
ISSN 1229-6422
ÁÖÁ¦ºÐ·ù ȯ°æ¹×¼³ºñ
ÁÖÁ¦¾î ¼ºÃþÈ­; ¿­¿¡³ÊÁöÀúÀå; ¿Âµµ ±¸¹è; ¹°ÅÊÅ© Stratification; Thermal Energy Storage; Thermocline; Water Tank
¿ä¾à1 ÃÖ±Ù Àç»ý¿¡³ÊÁö »ç¿ëÀÌ È®´ëµÊ¿¡ µû¶ó ¿¡³ÊÁö °ø±ÞÀÇ º¯µ¿¼ºÀÌ Ä¿Áö°Ô µÇ¸é¼­, ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÀÀÇϱâ À§ÇÑ È¿À²ÀûÀÎ ¿¡³ÊÁö ÀúÀå ±â¼úÀÇ Çʿ伺ÀÌ Áõ´ëµÇ¾ú´Ù.(1) ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ È帧 ¼Ó¿¡¼­ Ãà¿­Á¶´Â À׿© ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ÀúÀåÇÏ¿´´Ù°¡ ¼ö¿ä°¡ ³ô¾ÆÁú °æ¿ì ÀúÀåµÈ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ÀåÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ¾î ÁÖ¸ñ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ¹°À» Ãà¿­ ¸Åü·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ °æ¿ì ¹°ÀÇ ³ôÀº ºñ¿­°ú »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î Àú·ÅÇÑ ºñ¿ë, ģȯ°æÀûÀÎ ¸Åü µîÀÇ ÀåÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ¾î ¸¹ÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, Ãà¿­Á¶ ³»ºÎ¿¡ ¹°À» °ø±ÞÇÏ´Â µðÇ»Àú(Diffuser) Çü»ó ÃÖÀû ¼³°è, À¯·® º¯È­ µî¿¡ ´ëÇØ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¿¬±¸°¡ ÁøÇàµÇ¾ú´Ù.
¹° ±â¹Ý Ãà¿­Á¶ÀÇ ¼º´ÉÀº ¿Âµµ ¼ºÃþÈ­ À¯Áö ¿©ºÎ¿¡ Å©°Ô Á¿ìµÇ¸ç, À̸¦ Çâ»ó½Ã۱â À§ÇÑ ¿¬±¸°¡ Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î ¼öÇàµÇ¾î ¿Ô´Ù. ÀÌ¿¡ µðÇ»Àú Çü»ó¿¡ µû¸¥ ¼ºÃþÈ­ ¿µÇâ(2), ¿¡³ÊÁö ¹× ¿¢¼­Áö È¿À² µî ½Ã½ºÅÛÀû °üÁ¡¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¿¬±¸(3,4) µîÀÌ ÁøÇàµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±âÁ¸ ¿¬±¸ÀÇ »ó´ç¼ö´Â ´ÜÀÏ Ãà¿­ ¹æÇâ ¶Ç´Â °íÁ¤ À¯·® Á¶°Ç¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¼ºÃþÈ­ Ư¼º¿¡ ÃÊÁ¡À» µÎ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ½ÇÁ¦ ¿îÀü ȯ°æ¿¡¼­´Â ÀÔ±¸ À¯¼ÓÀ̳ª ºÎ·Â È¿°ú, À¯·® º¯È­ µîÀÇ ¿ä¼Ò°¡ º¹ÇÕÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÛ¿ëÇÒ »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ½ÇÁõ Scale(Prototype)°ú Lab-scale °£ °Åµ¿ À¯»ç¼ºÀ» È®º¸Çϱâ À§ÇÑ »ó»ç ±â¹Ý ¿¬±¸, ƯÈ÷ Froude »ó»ç¸¦ Ȱ¿ëÇÑ Ãà¹æ¿­ °Åµ¿¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¬±¸´Â ¾ÆÁ÷ ºÎÁ·ÇÑ ½ÇÁ¤ÀÌ´Ù.
º» ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹è°æÀ» ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î, ½ÇÁõ ±Ô¸ð(Prototype)ÀÇ Ãà¿­Á¶¸¦ 1/25·Î Ãà¼ÒÇÑ Lab-scale Ãà¿­Á¶¿¡ ´ëÇØ Froude »ó»ç Á¶°ÇÀ¸·Î ¼³°è ¹× ±¸ÃàÇϰí, Ãà¿­ ¹æÇâ º¯°æ(»óºÎ/ÇϺÎ) ¹× À¯·® º¯È­¿¡ µû¶ó ¹° ±â¹Ý Ãà¿­Á¶ÀÇ ¼ºÃþÈ­°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô º¯ÇÏ´ÂÁö¸¦ ½ÇÇè ¹× CFD¸¦ Ȱ¿ëÇÏ¿© ºñ±³ ¹× °ËÁõÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ¼ºÃþÈ­ ÁöÇ¥·Î »ç¿ëµÇ´Â Richardson ¼ö ¹× MIX ¼ö¸¦ ±¸ÇÏ¿© ¼ºÃþÈ­ Á¤µµ¸¦ Á¤·®ÀûÀ¸·Î Æò°¡Çϰí, À̸¦ ÅëÇØ ½ÇÁõ Scale¿¡¼­ÀÇ Ãà¿­Á¶ ¼º´É ¿¹Ãø ¹× ¿îÀü Àü·« ¼ö¸³¿¡ ±â¿©ÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
¿ä¾à2 This study examines the thermal stratification characteristics of a water-based thermal energy storage (TES) tank under various charging directions and flow rate conditions. A lab-scale TES system was designed using Froude similarity, based on a prototype intended for integration with a 1000RT heat pump system. We conducted experiments and CFD simulations using a 2-D axisymmetric model (Ansys Fluent) to validate thermal behavior and assess stratification performance. Charging tests were performed for both top-to-bottom and bottom-to-top configurations at flow rates of 127 LPM and 215 LPM. The results indicated that top charging effectively maintained a distinct thermocline region, with a Richardson number up to five times higher than that of bottom charging, demonstrating stronger stratification. While increased flow rates accelerated charging, they also weakened stratification due to enhanced momentum effects. The discharging tests confirmed that the outlet temperature remained stable at 43¡É for the designed discharging duration before beginning to decrease. These findings underscore the importance of inlet design and flow control in enhancing TES tank performance and sustaining thermal stratification.
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DOI https://doi.org/10.6110/KJACR.2026.38.5.271