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ÇÑÁß ¼¿ø °ø°£ µðÀÚÀΠƯ¡¿¡ °üÇÑ ºñ±³ ¿¬±¸ / A comparative study on the characteristics of Academy space design in Korea and China |
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Çѱ¹°ø°£µðÀÚÀÎÇÐȸ ³í¹®Áý, Vol.18 No.03 (2023-04) |
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ÇÑÁß ¼¿ø; À¯ÇÐ ¹®È; °ø°£ µðÀÚÀÎ; ¿¬°ü¼º; Ư¡ ; Korean ¡¤ Chinese Academies; Confucian Culture; Space Design; Relevance; Characteristics |
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(Background and Purpose) As a common cultural heritage of East Asian Confucian cultural circles, academics are an important base for the development and dissemination of Confucian culture, which originated in China and was then introduced to South Korea. The development of Confucian culture was influenced by the countries¡¯ respective cultures and took on a relatively fixed form. This study sought to summarize the characteristics of academic spatial design through a correlation analysis of history, culture, and space to provide diversified thinking and methods for the design of modern cultural spaces. (Method) Nine academies each in Korea and China were selected as case studies. The South Korean academies specialized in world cultural heritage, but the Chinese academic spaces were based on the complete preservation of documents and existing academic space relics. Among these, the White Deer Cave Academy is a World Cultural Heritage site, and eight academies, including Yuelu Academy, are key protection units in China. This study used a literature review, field investigation, case analysis of space surveys, and comparative analysis. Starting from the traditional cultures and spaces of South Korea and China, it analyzed the historical relationship between academic spaces and the similarities and differences in the characteristics of spatial design in terms of function, boundary and layout, moving line, and decoration, by comparing and analyzing examples of South Korea¡¯s and China's academies. (Results) Traditional academies in Korea and China focus on Confucian culture based on moral concepts in the spatial order by pursuing the relationship between the natural environment and meditation. However, there are differences in the design concepts. In terms of spatial function, South Korea focuses on sacrificial spaces, whereas China focuses on lecture spaces. The spatial boundary of academic architecture in South Korea is integrated with the environment, whereas it has an obvious pattern in China. The South Korean academies were arranged asymmetrically, whereas the Chinese academies were arranged symmetrically along the middle axis. In South Korea, the natural interface of a site is the main design method, whereas China has adopted a linear method. The main body of Korean academic decoration uses the color and texture of the original materials, which mostly consists of geometric patterns, while Chinese academic decoration has prominent artificial marks with animal and natural patterns. Most importantly, Korean academies are natural, dominated by their outward appearance and flexibility in spatial design, whereas Chinese academies use artificial plans based on orderly and unified music. (Conclusions) The design of traditional academies is characterized by the coexistence of nature, space, and human beings alongside ecological aesthetics; hence, the best solution will be one that provides creative ideas for ecological environmental problems as a theoretical reference for future cultural spatial design. |