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³í¹®¸í ¹ÙÀÌ¿ÀÇʸ¯ °üÁ¡À» ÅëÇØ ¹Ù¶óº» Á¤¼­Àå¾Ö Ư¼öÇб³ÀÇ °ø°£ ºÐ¼® ¿¬±¸ -ÀÚÆó¼º Àå¾Ö ¾Æµ¿À» Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î- / A Study on the Spatial Analysis of Special Schools with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders through Biophilic Perspective - Focused on the children with autism -
ÀúÀÚ¸í ±èÅÂÇö½Äº°ÀúÀÚ ; À̳²±Ô ; ±è¿ë¼º
¹ßÇà»ç Çѱ¹°ø°£µðÀÚÀÎÇÐȸ
¼ö·Ï»çÇ× Çѱ¹°ø°£µðÀÚÀÎÇÐȸ ³í¹®Áý, Vol.18 No.03 (2023-04)
ÆäÀÌÁö ½ÃÀÛÆäÀÌÁö(255) ÃÑÆäÀÌÁö(16)
ISSN 1976-4405
ÁÖÁ¦ºÐ·ù °èȹ¹×¼³°è / µµ½Ã
ÁÖÁ¦¾î ¹ÙÀÌ¿ÀÇʸ¯ µðÀÚÀÎ; ¹ÙÀÌ¿ÀÇʸ®¾Æ; Ư¼öÇб³; ÀÚÆó¼ºÀå¾Ö; »çȸ¼º ¹ß´Þ ; Biophilic Design; Biophilia; Special School; Autistic Disorder; Sociality Development
¿ä¾à1 (¿¬±¸¹è°æ ¹× ¸ñÀû) »ý»ê°¡´É ³ëµ¿·ÂÀÇ °¨¼Ò¿Í ÀÚÆó¼º Àå¾Ö Àα¸ÀÇ ±ÞÁõÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ, Ư¼öÇб³¿¡¼­´Â Àå¾Ö ÇлýµéÀÌ »çȸ¿¡ ÀûÀÀÇÏ´Â ´É·ÂÀ» ¹è¾çÇÏ´Â ÈÆ·ÃÀ» ´õ¿í ¿ä±¸¹Þ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ Àå¾ÖÇлýµéÀÇ Ãë¾÷·üÀº 5%´ë·Î ³·Àº ¼öÁØÀÌ°í, »çȸÁ¶Á÷ ¼Ó¿¡ ÀûÀÀÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¾÷¹«Àû ¿ª·®À» Á¦´ë·Î È°¿ëÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. À̸¦ À§ÇØ »çȸ¼º ÁõÁø °üÁ¡¿¡¼­ÀÇ Æ¯¼öÇб³ °ø°£ ÀçÁ¤ºñ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ºÐ¼®ÇÏ°í, »çȸ¼º ÁõÁø°ú ÀÚ¿¬°úÀÇ °ü°è¸¦ ÀÔÁõÇÑ ¼±Ç࿬±¸µéÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© ¹ÙÀÌ¿ÀÇʸ®¾Æ ÀÌ·ÐÀÇ Àû¿ë °¡´É¼º¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© ¿¬±¸ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù. (¿¬±¸¹æ¹ý) ¿¬±¸ ¸ðÁý´Ü ¼³Á¤Àº ÀÚÆó¼º Àå¾Ö ¾Æµ¿À» °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â Á¤¼­Àå¾Ö Ư¼öÇб³ 3°÷À¸·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¿´°í, ÀÚÆó¾Æµ¿°ú »çȸ¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌ·ÐÀû °íÂûÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© »ó°ü°ü°è ¹× È¿¿ë¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ºÐ¼®ÇÑ °á°ú¸¦ Åä´ë·Î Ư¼öÇб³ ½Ã¼³¿¡ ´ëÇØ ºÐ¼®Æ²À» ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ´Ù. ºÐ¼®Æ² ÀÛ¼ºÀÇ ÇÙ½ÉÀû ³»¿ëÀº ÀÚÆó¼º Àå¾Ö ¾Æµ¿ÀÇ »çȸ¼º Àå¾Ö À¯Çü°ú ¼±Ç࿬±¸¿¡¼­ ºÐ¼®µÈ Ư¼öÇб³½Ã¼³ ¼³°è¿øÄ¢, ÀÚÆó¾Æµ¿ÀÇ ¿À°¨ÀÚ±Ø, »çȸ¼ºÀÇ »ó°ü°ü°èÀÇ ¼¼ °¡Áö Ç׸ñÀ¸·Î ºÐ·ùÇÑ´Ù. ºÐ¼®À» ÅëÇØ Á¤¼­Àå¾Ö Ư¼öÇб³¿¡¼­´Â »çȸ¼º ÁõÁø°üÁ¡¿¡¼­ÀÇ °ø°£ÀÌ Á¤µµ ¼öÁØÀ¸·Î °í·ÁµÇ¾ú´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ÆľÇÇÏ°í, »çȸ¼º ÁõÁø¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© È¿¿ë¼ºÀÌ ÀÔÁõµÈ ¹ÙÀÌ¿ÀÇʸ¯ µðÀÚÀÎ ¿ä¼ÒÀÇ ´ëÀÀÁ¡À» µµÃâÇÑ´Ù. (°á°ú) ¹Ð¾ËÇб³, °æÁøÇб³, Á¤¾ÖÇб³¸¦ ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ±³½Ç, º¹µµ, ¿ÜºÎ°ø°£, °ø¿ë°ø°£ µîÀÇ À§°è¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¿© ½Ã¼³ ´ä»ç ¹× ÇöȲÀ» ºÐ¼®ÇÑ °á°ú, ù°, ±³½ÇÀÇ °æ¿ì ³ëÃâÄÜÅ©¸®Æ®ÀÇ »ç¿ëÀ¸·Î ÈíÀ½¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °í·Á°¡ ºÎÁ·Çϰųª, µµ·ÎÀÇ ÀÎÁ¢À¸·Î ¼ÒÀ½¿¡ Ãë¾àÇÔÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÏ¿´´Ù. µÑ°, ½Ã°¢Ãß±¸ Çö»óÀ» À¯¹ßÇÏ´Â Á÷Á¢µîÀÇ »ç¿ëÀ̳ª, ¿Ëº®ÀÇ ÀÎÁ¢ ¹× Áߺ¹µµ ¹èÄ¡·Î ÀÎÇÑ ÀÚ¿¬Ã¤±¤ÀÇ ºÒ±ÕÇü ¹®Á¦°¡ ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. ¼Â°, º¹µµ ¹× ·Îºñ °ø°£¿¡¼­ ¿ª½Ã ÀÌ·± ½Ç³» Á¶µµÀÇ ºÒ±ÕÇüÇÔÀÌ È®ÀεǾú°í, ±³½Ç°ú º¹µµ¿¡¼­ °øÅëÀûÀ¸·Î ´Ü»ö ¹× °­·ÄÇÑ ¿ø»öÀÇ »ç¿ëÀ̳ª º¹ÀâÇÑ ÆÐÅÏÀÇ »ç¿ë µî »ö»ó °í·ÁÀÇ ºÎÁ·ÇÔÀÌ ÆľǵǾú´Ù. ³Ý°, ¿ÜºÎ°ø°£Àº µÑ·¹±æ, È­´Ü, ÅÔ¹ç µîÀÇ ¿ÜºÎ°ø°£¿¡¼­ ÀüüÀûÀÎ Á¤ºñ »óÅÂÀÇ ºÒ·®ÀÌ ¹ß°ßµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î µµ½ÉÁö¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÏ¿© Àα٠³ìÁö¿ÍÀÇ ¿¬°è¼ºÀÌ ºÎÁ·ÇÏ°í, Á¼Àº ±³»ç ¸éÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ ¿ÜºÎ üÇè°ø°£ ¸éÀûÀÌ ºÎÁ·Çϰųª ºÎÀçÇß´Ù. ÀÌ´Â 1990³â´ë¿¡ Áö¾îÁø Ư¼öÇб³ÀÇ °æ¿ì´Â ´ç½ÃÀÇ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ Çб³°ÇÃà ¾ç½ÄÀ» µû¶ó ¼³°èµÇ¾ú±â¿¡ ¼öÆòÀû À§°è ±¸¼º ÆľÇÀÇ ÇÑ°è¿¡¼­ ºñ·ÔµÇ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. (°á·Ð) ÃÖÁ¾ÀûÀ¸·Î º» ¿¬±¸¸¦ ÅëÇØ ±³»çȯ°æ ¹× ¿ÜºÎȯ°æ¿¡¼­ »çȸ¼º ÁõÁøÀ» À§ÇÑ °ø°£Àû °í·Á°¡ ºÎÁ·ÇÏ´Ù°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ¿¡ ¾Öµå¿öµå Àª½¼, Ķ·¯Æ®, Àª¸®¾ö ºê¶ó¿ì´× µîÀÇ ÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ Á¦½ÃÇÑ ¹ÙÀÌ¿ÀÇʸ¯ µðÀÚÀÎ ¿ä¼ÒÀÇ ºÐ·ùü°è, ±×¸®°í ¹ÙÀÌ¿ÀÇʸ¯°ú »çȸ¼º ÁõÁøÀÇ È¿¿ë¼º¿¡ °üÇÑ ¼±Ç࿬±¸¸¦ ±â¹ÝÀ¸·Î ÇÑ °ø°£Àû ´ëÀÀÁ¡À» Á¦½ÃÇÑ´Ù. º» ¿¬±¸ÀÇ ÇÑ°è´Â ±¹³» »ç·Ê¸¦ Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î ¿¬±¸µÈ °ÍÀ¸·Î, Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ ±¹³»¡¤¿Ü »ç·Ê¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÅëÇÕÀû ºÐ¼® ¿¬±¸°¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö±æ ±â´ëÇØ º»´Ù.
¿ä¾à2 (Background and Purpose) Due to the decrease in the labor force and the rapid increase in the number of people with autism, special schools require more training to foster the ability of disabled students to adapt to society. However, the employment rate of disabled students is still low at around 5%. they are not able to adapt to social organizations. This study aims to analyze the reorganization of special school spaces regards of promoting sociality and to study the applicability of biophilia theory through prior research that have proven the relationship between promoting sociality and nature. (Method) The research population was set up as three special schools for autistic children. Based on the analysis on correlation and utility through theoretical consideration of autistic children and sociality, the analysis framework is built. The core contents of the analysis framework are classified into three categories: the social disability type of autistic children, the design principles of special school facilities analyzed in previous studies, and the correlation between five senses stimulation of autistic nature and sociality. Then, it is determined whether space for promoting sociality is considered at a level of degree in special schools for emotional disorders, and responses for biophilic design elements that have proven useful for promoting sociality are derived. (Results) Our survey and analysis of Miral, Kyungjin, and Jeongae special schools found several limitations in their facilities. Firstly, in the case of classrooms, it was found that the use of exposed concrete lacked consideration for sound absorption or that they were vulnerable to noise due to the proximity of roads. Secondly, there was an imbalance in natural lighting due to direct lights and wall arrangements. Thirdly, this imbalance in indoor illumination was also confirmed in corridors and lobby spaces, and lack of color consideration was identified in classrooms and corridors, such as the use of intense primary colors and complex patterns. Fourthly, external spaces like Dulle-gil, flower beds, and gardens had poor maintenance. Finally, it is located in the city center, so there is a lack of connection with nearby green areas, and the area of external experience space is insufficient or absent. These limitations stem from building special schools based on the same methods used for regular schools in the 90s, without prioritizing and setting a hierarchy for special school spaces. (Conclusions) Through this study, it can be said that spatial consideration for promoting sociality in the internal and external environment is insufficient. Accordingly, it presents a spatial response based on a the classification system of biophilic design elements. The limitations of this study were studied mainly in domestic cases, and it is expected that an integrated analysis study on additional domestic and foreign cases will be conducted.
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DOI http://10.35216/kisd.2023.18.3.255
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