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³í¹®¸í Áß±¹ Çϳ²¼º ¼­ºÎÀÇ ¡®Pit Kilns¡¯ ÇöÁ¸»óȲ°ú ÇüÅÂƯ¼º¿¡ °üÇÑ Á¶»ç ¿¬±¸ / Research on the Present Condition and Architecture Form of Pit Kilns in Western He¡¯nan of China
ÀúÀÚ¸í ÁÖ¼ÒÈ­(Shaohua Zhu) ; ÃÖº´¼÷(Byungsook Choi)½Äº°ÀúÀÚ ; °­Ãá¿ø(Chunwon Kang)
¹ßÇà»ç Çѱ¹ÁÖ°ÅÇÐȸ
¼ö·Ï»çÇ× Çѱ¹ÁÖ°ÅÇÐȸ³í¹®Áý, Vol.31 No.5 (2020-10)
ÆäÀÌÁö ½ÃÀÛÆäÀÌÁö(49) ÃÑÆäÀÌÁö(11)
ISSN 2234-3571
ÁÖÁ¦ºÐ·ù °èȹ¹×¼³°è / µµ½Ã
ÁÖÁ¦¾î ÁöÇÏÁÖ°Å; Áß±¹ µ¿±¼ÁÖ°Å; Çϳ²¼º ¼­ºÎÁö¿ª; Èë °ÇÃà ; Pit Kiln; Chinese Cave Dwelling; Western He¡¯nan; Soil Architecture
¿ä¾à1 º» ¿¬±¸´Â Áß±¹ Çϳ²¼ºÀÇ ¼­ºÎÁö¿ª Pit Kiln(é¢Ô×)ÁÖÅÃÀ» ¹®ÇåÁ¶»ç¿Í ÇöÀåÁ¶»ç¸¦ ÅëÇØ ±× Ư¡À» ºÐ¼®ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÇöÀåÁ¶»ç´Â Pit KilnÀÌ °¡Àå ¸¹ÀÌ ÇöÁ¸ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â Çϳ²¼º ¼­ºÎÀÇ »ê¸à»þ½ÃÀÇ ¼¶Çö(ùðúã) Áö¿ªÀÇ 5°³ ¸¶À»·ÎºÎÅÍ 174°³ÀÇ ÁÖÅà ÀڷḦ ¼öÁýÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¹®ÇåÀ» ÅëÇØ Pit KilnÀÇ °³¹ß ¹× »ç¿ëÇöȲÀ» ÆľÇÇÏ¿´°í, ¼öÁýµÈ ÁÖÅÃÀڷḦ ÅëÇؼ­´Â Æò¸é¹èÄ¡, Å©±â, ±¸Á¶, ÀÔ¸é ¹× ÀÔ±¸ÀÇ 5°¡Áö °ÇÃàÀû Ư¼ºÀ» ºÐ¼®ÇÏ¿´°í, °ÅÁÖÀÚÀÇ »ýÈ°Àº ¹®ÇåÀ» ÅëÇØ Æ÷°ýÀûÀ¸·Î ÆľÇÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±× °á°ú Pit KilnÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ °÷ÀÇ ÁöÇÏÁְųª µ¿±¼ÁÖ°Å¿Í ´Ù¸¥ Á¡À¸·Î´Â ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ Çâ Áß½ÉÀÇ Æò¸é¹èÄ¡(ÁøÀÔ°ú Áֿ䵿±¼(main kiln))¸¦ ¹Ý¿µÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â Á¡, µ¿±¼ÀÇ ¾ÈÀü¼ºÀ» °í·ÁÇÑ ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÎ ¾ÆÄ¡±¸Á¶, 䱤À» °í·ÁÇÑ µ¿±¼ÀÇ Å©±â, Áß±¹ ÀüÅëÁÖÅÃÀÇ ÀÔ¸éÀ» ¹Ý¿µÇÑ ÆÄ»çµå, Áö»ó°ú Áö¸éÀÇ ³ôÀÌÂ÷¸¦ ÁÙÀÌ°í ¿Ï¸¸Çϸ鼭µµ Á¼Àº ¸éÀûÀ» °í·ÁÇÑ ÁøÀÔ·ÎÀÇ Çü¼ºÀÌ ¸Å¿ì Ư¡ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î ÆľǵǾú´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ 1980³â´ë ÀÌÈÄ Á¡Á¡ ´õ ¸¹Àº °ÅÁÖÀÚµéÀÌ Pit KilnÀ» ¶°³µ°í, Çö´ë¿¡´Â »ýÈ°¼öÁØÀÇ Çâ»ó°ú ÇÔ²² ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ Pit KilnÀÇ °ÇÃà ¹æ¹ý ¹× Àç·áÀÇ ÀåÁ¡ÀÌ »ç¶óÁö°í ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ Pit KilnÀº ¿À´Ã³¯±îÁö »ç¿ëÇØ ¿Â Èë °ÇÃàÀÇ ÇÑ Á¾·ù·Î¼­ ¿ª»çÀû ¹®È­Àû °¡Ä¡·Î ÀÎÇØ ÃÖ±Ù »çȸ¿¡¼­µµ ÁÖ¸ñÀ» ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Â Á¡°ú º» ¿¬±¸ °á°ú¸¦ °í·ÁÇÒ ¶§, º¸´Ù Àß À¯ÁöÇÏ°í º¸Á¸ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â ÁÖÅÃÀÓÀ» ÀÔÁõÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¿ä¾à2 The research is aimed to describe and dissect the traits of pit kilns£¬which is one kind of Chinese cave dwelling, in western He¡¯nan Province in China, whose data were obtained via related literature stuff and on-site investigation, and its sample data were focused on 174 pit kilns of five villages in Shaan County of Sanmenxia City in western He¡¯nan Province. This paper introduces the origin, development and distribution of pit kilns, and elaborates the development and usage status of pit kilns in five sample villages in Shaan County, Sanmenxia City. From the four aspects of plan layout, pit size, structure, entrance and the architectural characteristics of the pit kiln are analyzed. And it can arrive at the conclusion that with the improvement of living standards, traditional pit kilns have been lost its advantages in construction methods and materials. More and more residents select to abandon pit kilns since 1980s, and the number of pit kilns is also decreasing year by year. But as a kind of soil architecture that has been in use to this day, the historical and cultural value of pit kilns has also attracted the attention of the whole society in recent years. The better preservation, maintenance and research of pit kilns prove to be indispensable ever so much.
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DOI https://doi.org/10.6107/JKHA.2020.31.5.049
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