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ÇÁ·©Å© ·ÎÀÌµå ¶óÀÌÆ®ÀÇ ÀûÁ¤ ÁÖÅÿ¡ ³ªÅ¸³ ÅëÇÕ¼º ¿¬±¸ / A Study on the Integrity in Frank Lloyd Wright's Affordable House Designs |
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Çѱ¹°ø°£µðÀÚÀÎÇÐȸ ³í¹®Áý, Vol.13 No.05 (2018-10) |
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½ÃÀÛÆäÀÌÁö(91) ÃÑÆäÀÌÁö(11) |
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ÇÁ·©Å© ·ÎÀÌµå ¶óÀÌÆ® ; ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä ½Ã½ºÅÛ ºôÆ® Ȩ ; À¯¼Ò´Ï¾Æ Àü½ÃÁÖÅà ; ÀûÁ¤ÁÖÅà ; ÅëÇÕ¼º ; Frank Lloyd Wright ; American System Built Home ; Usonian Exhibition House ; Affordable House ; Integrity |
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(Background and Purpose) This study aimed to examine an architect's strategies in designing affordable houses for the middle class through Frank Lloyd Wright's American System Built-Home and Usonian Exhibition Houses. The American System-Built Home was a response to the Mail Order Houses, a popular housing supply and market system in the early 20th century, whereas the Usonian Exhibition House was a response to the Mass Builders' Houses and European Modernism in the post-war era of the mid-20th century. It is necessary to review these two affordable houses at the same time to identify the similarities and differences in strategies that the architect can implement when applying architectural ideas to design affordable houses that account for different social conditions. (Method) The following three categories were investigated in both the Mail Order Houses of the early 20th century and Mass Builders of the mid-20th century: construction method, including structures and materials; planning strategies; and the drawings presented to the public. These properties were compared to those of each of Wright's affordable houses in the same era according to the categories. The analysis sought to determine Wright's approaches to affordable house design in responding to popular housing suppliers. (Results) The American System-Built Home displayed strong similarities with Mail Order Houses in terms of the wooden framing in the construction method and limited rectangular floor plan. However, Wright's unique architectural ideas inherent in his prairie houses could be found in the rich construction details, integration of dining rooms with living rooms, and interior spaces displayed in the axonometric drawings of the American System-Built Home. The Usonian House showed more differences from most mass builders' houses by developing their own unit system. The L-shaped plan was also earlier than other mass builders' houses, although it became a popular element later. However, the centered location of the kitchen appeared in Usonian House, representing that family togetherness may have been one of the factors influenced by the social conditions at the time. The American System-Built Homes adopted Wright's architectural ideas and principles, maintaining the conventional frames of the Mail Order Houses; meanwhile, Usonian Exhibition House added mass builders' elements or influences of European Modernism to the architectural principles. For the Usonian House, the concept of "integrity" was more aggressively applied, thereby manifesting Wright's envisioned architectural style of combining materials, structures, spaces, and forms in considering the process of ensuring the economic scale for an affordable house. (Conclusions) Wright developed the concept of integrity as his architectural strategy to pursue both his principles and value for money. It is an example that the economic aspect of an affordable house could be an architect's strategy, instead of a constraint, in the design process. |