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³í¹®¸í °ø°£±¸¹®·Ð(Space Syntax)À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ Çѱ¹ ÁÖ¿ä ¼º´ç(á¡ÓÑ)°ÇÃà ³»ºÎ °ø°£ Æò¸é±¸¼º ºñ±³ ¿¬±¸ / A Comparative Study on The Floor Plan of Korean Catholic Church Architectures with The Use of Space Syntax Analysis - Concentrated on the Comparison of Korean Catholic Church Architectures constructed before and after Vatican ¥± - / Á¦2Â÷ ¹ÙƼĭ°øÀÇȸ Àü¡¤ÈÄ·Î °Ç¸³µÈ Çѱ¹ ÁÖ¿ä ¼º´ç°ÇÃàÀÇ ºñ±³¸¦ Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î
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¼ö·Ï»çÇ× Çѱ¹°ø°£µðÀÚÀÎÇÐȸ ³í¹®Áý, Vol.13 No.05 (2018-10)
ÆäÀÌÁö ½ÃÀÛÆäÀÌÁö(55) ÃÑÆäÀÌÁö(12)
ISSN 1976-4405
ÁÖÁ¦ºÐ·ù °èȹ¹×¼³°è / µµ½Ã
ÁÖÁ¦¾î Çѱ¹¼º´ç°ÇÃà ; Àå¹æÇüÆò¸é ; Å»-Àå¹æÇü(ÀÚÀ¯)Æò¸é ; °ø°£±¸¹®·Ð ; °¡½Ã¼º ; Korean Catholic Church Architecture ; Latin Cross Floor Plan ; Free Type Floor Plan ; Space Syntax ; Visibility
¿ä¾à1 (¿¬±¸¹è°æ ¹× ¸ñÀû) ÀüÅëÀûÀ¸·Î Çѱ¹ ¼º´ç°ÇÃàÀÇ ³»ºÎ°ø°£Àº ¼º¼Ò(á¡á¶)¸¦ ÇâÇÑ '±¸¿øÀÇ Åë·Î'¶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÇ ÀϹæÇ⠽ü±À» °®´Â Àå¹æÇü Æò¸é(Latin Cross)ÀÌ ÀϹÝÀûÀ̾ú´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÀÌ·± °æÇâÀº Æò½ÅµµµéÀÇ 'Àû±ØÀûÀÎ Âü¿©(participatio actuosa)'¸¦ °­Á¶ÇÏ´Â Á¦2Â÷ ¹ÙƼĭ °øÀÇȸ¸¦ ±âÁ¡À¸·Î ¹Ì»ç¿¹½Ä Áß »çÁ¦¿Í ½ÅÀÚ »óÈ£°£ÀÇ ±³°¨°ú ¸ôÀÔµµ Áõ´ë¿¡ ÃÊÁ¡À» µÎ´Â ºÎä²Ã, ¸¶¸§¸ðÇü, ¿øÇü µîÀÇ Å»-Àå¹æÇü Æò¸éÀ¸·Î º¯¸ðÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ ¹®Á¦´Â ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ Àå¹æÇü¿¡ ºñÇØ Çö´ëÀÇ Å»-Àå¹æÇü Æò¸éÀÌ °ø°£ÀûÀ¸·Î ¹Ýµå½Ã ½ÅÀÚµéÀÇ Àû±ØÀûÀÎ Âü¿©¸¦ ´õ À¯µµÇÑ´Ù°í º¼ ±Ù°Å°¡ ºÒºÐ¸íÇÏ´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­´Â ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇØ °ø°£ÀÇ Á¤·®Àû ºÐ¼®¹æ¹ýÀÎ °ø°£±¸¹®·Ð(Space Syntax)À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿©, °øÀÇȸ Àü¡¤ÈÄ·Î °Ç¸³µÈ ¿ì¸®³ª¶ó ÁÖ¿ä ¼º´ç°ÇÃàÀÇ Àå¹æÇü°ú Å»-Àå¹æÇü Æò¸éÀ» ºñ±³ºÐ¼®ÇÏ¿© ¹Ì»çÀü·Ê¸¦ À§ÇÑ °ø°£Àû Àå´ÜÁ¡À» ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î ¹àÈ÷´Â °ÍÀ» ¿¬±¸ÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î »ï´Â´Ù. (¿¬±¸¹æ¹ý) º» ¿¬±¸ÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä ¹æ¹ýÀº Àü¼úÇÑ '°ø°£±¸¹®·Ð'À¸·Î¼­ °ø°£ÀÇ °¡½Ã¼º°ú Á¢±Ù¼º¿¡ ±âÃÊÇÑ ºÐ¼®¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. À̸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ÁÖµÈ ÀÌÀ¯´Â ¹Ì»ç Àü·Ê¿¡¼­ ½ÅÀÚµéÀÇ Àû±ØÀûÀÎ Âü¿©¿Í ¸ôÀÔÀÇ Á¤µµ°¡, »çÁ¦ÀÇ ¹Ì»ç ÁýÀü°ø°£ÀÎ Áß¾Ó Á¦´ë °ø°£°ú ½ÅÀÚ°ø°£ÀΠȸÁß¼® °ø°£ÀÌ ÀÔ´ç, ¸»¾¸Àü·Ê, ¿µ¼ºÃ¼·Î À̾îÁö´Â ¿¹½Ä °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ '¼­·Î Àß º¸ÀÌ°í(°¡½Ã¼º), ½ÅÀÚµéÀÇ À̵¿°ú Á¢±ÙÀÌ ¿ëÀÌÇÒ ¶§(Á¢±Ù¼º)'±Ø´ëÈ­ µÈ´Ù´Â Á¡¿¡¼­, Á¦2Â÷ ¹ÙƼĭ °øÀÇȸ ÀüÈÄ·Î °Ç¸³µÈ ¼º´çÀÇ ³»ºÎ°ø°£±¸Á¶¸¦ ºñ±³ Æò°¡ÇÏ´Â µ¥¿¡ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í º¸±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. (°á°ú) ¿¬±¸ÀÇ ´ë»óÀÌ µÇ´Â ¼º´ç°ÇÃàÀÇ ¼ö´Â ±¤¹üÀ§Çϳª, Àüü°¡ 4°¡Áö Æò¸é À¯ÇüÀ¸·Î ºÐ·ù°¡ °¡´ÉÇÏ¸ç ±× °¢ À¯ÇüÀº À¯»çÇÑ °ø°£Àû ¼Ó¼ºÀ» °¡Áö¹Ç·Î, À¯Çüº°·Î 3°÷À» µµÃâÇÏ¿©¼­ ÃÑ 12°³ÀÇ ¼º´ç°ÇÃàÀ» »ç·Ê¿¬±¸ ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ¼±Á¤ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ù°¿Í µÑ° À¯ÇüÀº ¿ì¸®³ª¶ó¿¡¼­ õÁÖ±³°¡ º»°ÝÀûÀ¸·Î Àü·¡(îîÕÎ)µÇ±â ½ÃÀÛÇÑ 19¼¼±â ÈĹݺÎÅÍ °øÀÇȸ °³ÃÖ ÀüÀÎ 1960³â´ë ÃʱîÁöÀÇ Àå¹æÇü Æò¸éÀ» °®´Â ÁÖ¿ä ¼º´ç°ÇÃàÀ¸·Î¼­, ȸÁß¼®(Nave) Á¿ìÃøÀÇ Åë·Î(Aisle)À¯¹«(êóÙí)¿¡ µû¶ó À¯Çüº° 3°÷, Àüü 6°÷À» ¼±Á¤ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×¸®°í µÑ°¿Í ¼Â°À¯ÇüÀº °øÀÇȸ ÀÌÈÄÀÎ 1960³â´ë ÈĹݺÎÅÍ °Ç¸³µÈ Å»-Àå¹æÇüÆò¸é ¼º´ç°ÇÃàÀ¸·Î¼­ ±âÇÏÇÐÀû ÇüÅ¿¡ µû¶ó ´Ù¾çÇÑ Æò¸éÀ¯ÇüÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇϳª, ºÎä²Ã Æò¸éÀÌ °¡Àå ¸¹Àº ¼ö¸¦ Â÷ÁöÇϹǷΠºÎä²Ã°ú ±âŸÀ¯Çü(¿øÇü, ¹Ý¿øÇü, »ï°¢Çü µî)À¸·Î ºÐ·ùÇÏ¿© °¢ 3°÷¾¿ ÀüºÎ 6°÷À» ¼±Á¤ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¿¬±¸ÀÇ °á°ú, Àå¹æÇü Æò¸éÀÇ ¼º´ç°ÇÃà°ø°£ÀÌ Å»-Àå¹æÇü Æò¸é¿¡ ºñÇØ ¹Ì»çÀü·Ê ½Ã ¸ôÀÔµµ Áõ´ë¿¡ ¹Ýµå½Ã ºÒ¸® ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç, ƯÁ¤ ÁöÇ¥¿¡¼­´Â ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ¿ì¼öÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. (°á·Ð) µû¶ó¼­ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °á°ú´Â °øÀÇȸ ÃëÁö¿¡ µû¸¥ ±âÁ¸ÀÇ Å»-Àå¹æÇü Çö´ë ¼º´ç°ÇÃà ³»ºÎ°ø°£°èȹÀÇ À߸øµÈ ¼±ÀÔ°ßÀ» ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ°í, ±Ã±ØÀûÀ¸·Î´Â ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ Àå¹æÇüÆò¸é ¼º´ç°ÇÃàÀÌ °®´Â ÀåÁ¡¿¡ ±âÃÊÇÑ »õ·Î¿î Çѱ¹¼º´ç°ÇÃà°èȹÀÇ °¡´É¼ºÀ» Á¦½ÃÇÑ´Ù.
¿ä¾à2 (Background and Purpose) Before the Second Vatican Council (Vatican II), most Korean Catholic churches had been constructed following the traditional long, rectangular floor plan (symbolizing the Latin Cross), which denoted "the passage of salvation." However, many modern Korean Catholic churches have abandoned the "Latin Cross architecture" in favor of the free-type floor plan, such as the fan, circle, and triangle types, in keeping with the purpose of Vatican II: participatio actuosa (lit. active participation). However, there is no sufficient evident that the free-type floor plan is better than the traditional rectangular plan as Catholic church architecture in promoting participatio actuosa during mass. In this context, this study attempted to analyze and compare the floor plan of Korean Catholic churches constructed before and after Vatican II using space syntax analysis, an analytical method for the quantitative measurement of space. (Method) Space syntax analysis is based on visibility and accessibility in architectural space. With respect to participatio actuosa at mass, from the Entrance Rite to Liturgy of the Word and to Communion Rite, the entire ceremony largely depends on the visibility and accessibility of The Sanctuary, the space for the priest, and The Nave, the space for parishioners. As such, space syntax is an ideal method for comparing the inner space composition of Korean Catholic churches constructed before and after Vatican II. (Results) Although Korea has many Catholic churches spread across the country, only 12 churches were selected as case studies because they could be classified into four types according to floor plan form; we selected three churches to represent each form. The first and second types, seen in six churches constructed between the late 19th century and early 1960s, used two kinds of rectangular floor plan: one with an aisle, and the other without. The third and fourth types, composed of six churches constructed after the late 1960s, are the fan-type free floor plan and non-fan type, such as the circular, semi-circular, and triangular floor plan. The space syntax analysis showed that the free-type floor plan is not always better than the simple Latin cross type of floor plan for participatio actuosa. Rather, the latter is superior in some evaluation factors of visibility and accessibility. (Conclusions) Space syntax analysis indicated not only the errors of the existing architectural design trend of modern Korean Catholic churches but also new possibilities for the simple Latin cross floor plan to serve as a new architectural design direction of modern Korean Catholic church architecture.
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