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öµµ¿ª»çÀÇ È¥À⼺ÀÌ ¿ª»ç °ø°ø¼ºñ½º°ø°£¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ¿µÇâ / The Effect of Crowding in a Railway Station on the Station Public Service Space |
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Ȳ±Ô¿¬(Gyuyeon Hwang) ; ÀÌÁ¤±³(Jyeonggyo Lee) |
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Çѱ¹°ø°£µðÀÚÀÎÇÐȸ ³í¹®Áý, Vol.10 No.05 (2015-10) |
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½ÃÀÛÆäÀÌÁö(165) ÃÑÆäÀÌÁö(11) |
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È¥À⼺ ; °ø°ø¼ºñ½º ; öµµ¿ª»ç ; ±³Åë½Ã¼³ ; °ø°ø°ø°£ ; Crowding ; Public service ; Railway station ; Transportation facilities ; Public space |
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(Background and Purpose) Railway stations have been developed with complex functions based on changes in use behaviors and demands. Commercial and cultural facilities have been introduced with multiple functions and larger scales in combination with other transportation means. However, thoughtless development and disordered positioning of shops and advertising facilities have resulted in confusion in station environments recently. Such problems cause hindrances to human traffic in public transportation facilities; examples include excessive information and duplicate installations and disorder in space use, which are absolutely correlated with publicity and movement convenience for proper functioning of a station. An aim of this study includes examining crowding and public services in railway stations, with the intent of promoting smooth and convenient use of public transportation facilities. These improvements would contribute to environmental upgrades for comprehensive harmony with the surroundings, greater awareness of existing railway stations, and recovery of proper functions. (Method) The focus of this study is the correlation between crowding and public services in railway stations. The concept of crowding is established, and its effect on space users is examined based on the documentary investigation of existing researches. In addition, space components related to user traffic have been extracted to analyze factors and causes related to crowding that affect public service negatively. Based on the findings, evaluation indexes have been developed, and direction for improvement and problem resolution are presented based on a comparative analysis of six large railway stations at home and abroad. (Results) The study results show that crowding may be categorized as "density" or human crowding and "environmental congestion." These classifications have physical and spatial aspects. In particular, environmental congestion causes negative feelings among space users, which may lead to avoidance of certain spaces. In addition, time oppression has more negative consequences when combined with crowding. In a space for movement, such as a railway station, crowd control directly affects public service. Public service elements that should be provided at a railway station include physical and psychological access, consistency (for sufficient understanding of the space), a pleasant atmosphere for engendering positive feelings among users, and safety resulting from openness and connectivity. These factors are affected by the correlation among public space components of a railway station such as transportation facilities, information facilities, safety/disaster (preventive) facilities, commercial facilities, and advertisement facilities. (Conclusions) The scope and categories of facilities need to be established to enhance intuitive recognition and minimize psychological confusion. Harmony with the surrounding environment should also be pursued by integrating items according to similarity of functions and elements and minimization of installation space. For efficient direction of human traffic in each functional area, zoning and traffic planning are also necessary. With clear standards that can be utilized not only in management and operations but also in design and construction, recovery of the proper functions and an elevation in the status of the railway station as a complex cultural space can be achieved. |