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À¯ÈÞ°ø°£ÀÇ Àü·«Àû Ȱ¿ë ü°è ±¸Ãà ¹æ¾È / Tactical Utilization System of Vacant Urban Space |
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ÀÌÁ¾¹Î(Lee, Jong Min) ; À̹ΰæ(Lee, Min Kyung) ; ¿À¼ºÈÆ(Oh, Sunghoon) |
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½ÃÀÛÆäÀÌÁö(1) ÃÑÆäÀÌÁö(149) |
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À¯ÈÞ°ø°£ ; Àü·«Àû Ȱ¿ë ; ÀϽÃÀû Ȱ¿ë ; ÅÃÆ¼Äà ¾î¹ö´ÏÁò ; Urban Vacant Space ; Tactical Utilization System ; Temporary Use ; Tactical Urbanism |
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The persisting low birthrate and graying of the society has resulted in the demographic structure change and low economic growth, which increases the vacant houses and stores and thus leads to various social problems such as high crime, deteriorated landscape, and low quality of the residential environment. To solve these problems, the central government and local governments have started to deal with the vacant space as an important policy subject. Here, we propose the concept of "tactical utilization", investigate the major issues in implementing the concept, and suggest a system to activate urban vacant space utilization. The first step to implement the proposed tactical utilization system is to construct a database (DB) of urban vacant space for accurate estimation of its current status. However, construction of such a DB would require a long time and large budget. Therefore, in this study, we constructed the urban vacant space DB by utilizing the National Management System for Building Energy Database to analyze the energy usage for each individual lot of land and identify those with zero annual energy consumption as vacant space. This method enables local governments to construct the DB without commitment of large time and budget, because the National Management System for Building Energy Database, organized by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, publicly provides information of monthly energy usage for every individual lot of land. The next step is to extract and disclose information from the DB which helps people determine the utilization value of urban vacant space. Such information proposed in this study includes appraised value of land (for the current year, with the variation for the past five years), land characteristics (the area, shape, and lay of the land), building register (purpose, size, structure, conformationdate , etc.), and urban planning-related information (parcel purpose, district planning, etc.). To activate tactical utilization of the above DB and information, we discussed the need of negative policy (e.g., imposing a tax premium in case of leaving the urban vacant space for a long time) in addition to positive policies such as tax reduction and remodeling cost support. Such negative policy, however, would require careful consideration of various conditions such as the owner's financial status and the economic decline of the surrounding area which can make the space utilization difficult despite the owner's will. Therefore, we suggested to impose the tax premium only when the owner has no willing to utilize the space and disagree to disclose the information. In addition, we discussed the need of obligation that the landowner must establish and implement a tactical utilization plan when a long-term development project requires a certain period or longer before the construction starts. To determine how to manage and operate the tactical utilization, we conducted expert surveys on effective methods for the contract and management between users and personal owners or ownership groups (local community, trust companies, etc.). As a result, the most effective method for one to one user-owner contract is that a public institution constructs and operates the information system and consultation channel platform for urban vacant space utilization and then lets the user and owner perform an one to one contract and following procedures themselves. The next most effective method is to establish corporations composed of vacant space owners and related experts such as architects and then entrust them with contracts and management Finally, we discussed about whether the official procedure of changing the land usage should be carried out when a tactical utilization does not match theexisting usage purpose. As a result of our expert survey, the most opinions suggest that the official procedure can be exempted when a tactical utilization either is a public benefic business or returns a certain part of its profit to the community. This study is significant in that it proposed the concept of tactical utilization and suggested methodology to implement the concept into a system, under the aim to address the abovementioned social problems caused by the increasing urban vacant space. Limitations of the current study include that we have not discussed detailed utilization systems, which can vary depending on the urban vacant space's size and type (vacant residence, unused space, empty building, suspended construction, etc.), and other details such as calculation of appropriate rent in tactical utilization. Therefore, further research should be followed to study various tactical utilization scenarios for different types of urban vacant space and the conflict adjustment method between owners and users. |