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µµ½ÃÀç»ý È°¼ºÈ¸¦ À§ÇÑ Áö¿øü°è ±¸Ãà ¹× ¿î¿µ »ç·Ê ¿¬±¸ / A Study on the Support System for Urban Regeneration and Practice Cases |
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µµ½ÃÀç»ý ; Áö¿øü°è ; ÀçÁ¤Áö¿ø ; urban regeneration ; support systems ; financial support |
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Last April,¡¸Special Act on Support for Urban Regeneration¡¹ (legislated on June 4, 2013) was passed by the Parliament, and the institutional framework for urban regeneration in the country was built. Unlike the existing regulations focusing on physical urban improvement, this law, called 'Act on Urban Regeneration', aims at recovering comprehensive functions of a city in economic, social, and cultural aspects. Thus, it could institutionally support establishment of the economic base to enhance the competitiveness of deprived cities and community vitality in neighborhood. Before the law comes into effect on December 5, 2013, it is required to thoroughly consider current conditions and prepare for implementation of the law. Systematic and efficient support in particular is needed to help urban regeneration take root in the current situation that lacks funds, human resource, and institutional support. At the same time, the support should be flexible as to reflect the diverse regional characteristics. Accordingly, this research examines various support systems for urban regeneration of major countries(England, France, and Japan), focusing on funding programs and organizations that operate and manage the programs, and seek the way Korea's urban regeneration policy should proceed. The characteristics of the urban regeneration support system of each country are as in the following. One of the most distinguished features of England's system is the Single Regeneration Budget(SRB). Most of organizations and implementing systems were built based on the budget. Later, the government introduced additional budget and programs for neighborhood renewal to supplement SRB's shortcomings. The distinct characteristic of Japan's system is to implement urban regeneration projects by area based initiatives and the Recognition System. The important grants related to urban regeneration are distributed under different laws and ministries. However, the regions which establish a specific plan could be funded under the Recognition System. In France, the government established a finance and project management system to efficiently employ national funds, and has led huge-scale projects for comprehensive renewal including physical, social, economic improvement. Through the analysis of urban regeneration support systems of England, Japan and France, political implications for urban regeneration in the country could be summarized as follows. First, it is essential to operate a variety of financial support programs and projects. The case study shows that the three countries have embraced a number of regional demands by running core urban regeneration programs(budget or project) and continuous supplementation. In addition, they have built the organizations for financial support(budget or project) or operating system for effective budget execution and management. The specific ways vary depending on social situations and project purposes. Furthermore, the countries have established a cooperative system between diverse organizations. Throughout a regeneration project, multi-layered actors such as public, private/ individual, central government, local government, and local community work in partnership with each other. Lastly, the significance of private sectors rather than public sectors as main actors who carry forward a regeneration project is growing to reduce the government's financial burden. This transition is a natural evolutionary process as well as an ultimate goal that successful urban regeneration pursues. This research intends to explore a helpful method to realize policies on urban regeneration in the country by analyzing various support systems in major foreign countries. However, it still has several limitations. Due to realistic constraints such as time and space, a large part of the study was conducted by literature investigation. As a result, the scope and depth of the research varies by case and the topic is not discussed in depth. Therefore, based on this research, it is required to continuously develop diverse financial aid programs and projects to establish urban regeneration support systems, and further studies on methods to effectively operate such systems should follow. |