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¿ä¾à2 The research aims to present methods of system improvement and provide policy measures for the conservation and management of existing Hanok units, acknowledging the importance of preventing the destruction and consistent management of existing Hanok units as much as that of distributing new Hanok. Specifically, the research intends to present policy measures for the conservation and management of the remaining Hanok-concentrated residential areas nationwide, going beyond the current Hanok conservation policy that is mostly targeted at a limited part of the country such as Seoul and Jeonju. The study is largely composed of the following contents: exploration of laws and systems for Hanok conservation; case studies on Hanok destruction and conservation; maintenance and improvement, and distribution status of Hanok units in the Hanok-concentrated residential areas; and analysis of study areas for a management system exploration. The findings of the examination on Hanok demolition-related laws and systems, and support systems for the conservation and management of existing Hanok units are provided in Chapter Two of the article. According to the results, under current systems, there lacks a policy tool to prevent Hanok units from being arbitrarily demolished that are not designated as cultural asset, and that are excluded from support provided under the local governments' ordinance for Hanok maintenance and improvement. In addition, while it is advised to prepare conservation plans for historical and cultural assets upon promoting a large-scale redevelopment project, the substantial effect of the policy is only insignificant. In contrast to this, the study could confirm that, under the backdrop of a strong awareness on the need for the conservation of historical and cultural assets, Britain, France and Japan have legal and institutional tools in place which restrict demolition, and support conservation and management of historical buildings, and which stipulate for the establishment of plans in favor of the buildings upon promoting development. Chapter Three presents the results of the investigation on the current status of destruction and conservation of existing Hanok units. The research analyzed the factors that have affected the Hanok destruction and conservation so far, along with the destruction or conservation processes, as well as the related issues. Based on the analysis, the research draws problems and implications for Hanok conservation and management in the social, institutional and administrative aspects. The findings include that, first of all, the economic value of Hanok is put before the conservation value in the society. This confirms the lack of social awareness on the conservation and utilization value of the Hanok units that are not designated as cultural asset. In terms of institution, there is a lack of policy tools to prevent destruction of individual Hanok units or Hanok-concentrated areas in advance. In particular, the study has re-affirmed the problem that Hanok is still treated as outdated architecture subject to redevelopment in a large-scale redevelopment project. Furthermore, the burden following Hanok conservation and utilization in a redevelopment project, such as removing and reconstruction, is shifted to the building owner. This raises the need for institutional tools and support measures for Hanok conservation. With legal grounds to prevent a arbitrary demolition of Hanok beforehand currently insufficient, the research has confirmed that the administrative procedures and efforts by the Jongro-gu, such as the 'measure for the demolition and destruction prevention of architectures worthy of conservation like traditional Hanok,' function as efficient tools to the stop Hanok, which are disappearing unattended, from being demolished in advance. The results of the analysis on the current status of Hanok conservation and management, and maintenance and improvement are given in Chapter Four. The analysis was conducted in the following five areas: Anam-dong of Seoul City, Okjeong-dong and Taehwa-dong of Andong City, and Bukgyo-dong and Yongdang-dong of Mokpo City. First, we reviewed the urban plan status, and development and management conditions of each of the study areas. Also, we examined the Hanok distribution status, architectural characteristics, and maintenance and improvement conditions of the areas. Additionally, surveys and interviews were conducted among the Hanok residents so as to identify the residents characteristics, Hanok residence satisfaction, conservation awareness, and demand for public support. To check out the Hanok distribution status and architectural characteristics, we compiled checklists upon site investigation. Also, we conducted both actual surveys and in-depth interviews with the residents after selecting approximately ten units of Hanok in each area in order to analyze the conditions and problems of maintenance and improvement. As a result, we have established empirical database on the architectural characteristics and maintenance status of Hanok for each area. The results show that a social consensus should be built both on the definition of Hanok and on the Hanok units subject to conservation, considering the difference in the characteristics of Hanok units which depend on the timing of residential areas formulation and the background. The conditions of maintenance and improvement in the Hanok-concentrated areas can be largely divided into four categories as follows: remodeling of the front yard and interior space expansion for storage; change in the plan composition; exterior finishing and installation of windows and walls for enhanced efficiency of insulation and crime-prevention respectively; and roof replacement for water leakage prevention. However, the Hanok-specific space composition of a Hanok-concentrated area disappears through such a process ofmaintenance and improvement, which leads to a significant degradation in the unique street landscape created with concentrated Hanok units. This implies that the standard for Hanok maintenance and improvement should be prepared at the public level, and that a public support for Hanok maintenance and improvement should be provided as an incentive tool so as to restore the characteristics and landscape of Hanok. The biggest inconveniences experienced by the Hanok residents in the study areas were the cold, and Hanok maintenance and improvement. However, they experience difficulties in conducting maintenance and improvement on a regular basis since a majority of the residents are sixty years old or over. This confirms the need to provide support measures that take into account Hanok residents' characteristics and demand area by area. Chapter Five presents, based on the above findings, the directions and tasks for the conservation and management of existing Hanok units, along with the consequent points of institutional improvement and policy measures. First, it is needed to set Hanok-concentrated residential areas as a major target of conservation and management, instead of individual Hanok units. The policies should be expanded and revised to introduce a variety of indirect support measures including deregulation of construction laws, and provision of consulting and training for Hanok maintenance and management, while financial support for maintenance and improvement should be consistently provided. In addition, such public support should be provided under the condition of the restoration or maintaining of architectural and landscape characteristics of Hanok as they are. Based on the directions, the study presents the following measures as points of institutional improvement and policy suggestions: first, as measures for the prevention of Hanok destruction, it suggests improving the standard for designating a large-scale redevelopment project district and reviewing the areas already designated for redevelopment, so as to prevent a collective destruction of Hanok units, and providing financial support for the costs Hanok conservation and utilization entail. In order to prevent destruction of individual Hanok units, it is suggested that instead of introducing the Hanok Demolition Permit System, the existing In-advance Demolition Report System be strengthened for Hanok, with fairness considered with the systems for registered cultural heritages. Lastly, the study suggests, as measures for the utilization of Hanok units that are in danger of destruction, policies to provide support for Hanok purchase revitalization. to operate an electronic Hanok trade portal, and to manage and distribute second-hand Hanok sub-materials. Second, as measures to attract the conservation of Hanok-concentrated areas from those concerned, the study presents a measure to newly establish laws such as an architectural law and designate Hanok-concentrated areas as the tentative 'Hanok Promotion District' subject to the special and relaxed application of architectural regulations. This measure intends to induce the residents themselves to improve the Hanok efficiency, and restore and maintain the Hanok-specific architectural features. Support measures are presented towards continuing and expanding existing support policies for maintenance and improvement while the target areas for the support of Hanok maintenance and improvement can be autonomously selected and operated among the Hanok Promotion Districts by the local government if necessary. Lastly, as support measures for the maintenance and management of the Hanok units remaining within Hanok-concentrated areas, the research suggests introducing a Hanok-type Happy-house Center, thereby operating the regional Hanok Management Assistance Center. The center will provide support for the consulting and training related to Hanok maintenance and improvement, and for minor repairs. It also presents measures to provide a guideline for Hanok maintenance and improvement, and to revise the architectural laws to take into account Hanok characteristics, along with the detailed promotion measures for the implementation. The significance of the research lies in the fact that it has first analyzed relevant systems, the awareness and efforts of those concerned, and how they proceeded for the Hanok units destroyed or in danger of destruction, of which only partial information has been available so far, thereby drawing the factors for the Hanok destruction or conservation, and identifying the mechanism; and second presented the measure to strengthen and operate the In-advance Demolition Report System which is introducible in reality, instead of the Hanok Demolition Permit System that has less validity. In addition, the research goes a step further beyond the Hanok actual surveys and policy suggestions mostly aimed at a limited part of the nation such as Seoul and Jeonju, certain areas for which maintenance and improvement support is already available, in particular. The study confirms that there still remains much of the Hanok-concentrated residential areas nationwide after conducting the site investigation on Anam-dong located outside the Seoul Fortress, and the Hanok-concentrated areas in Mokpo City and Andong City. It identifies the current status of the areas along with the condition of maintenance and improvement, which gives a significant meaning to the research. In brief, it is expected that the research will contribute to reducing arbitrary Hanok demolition, and be used as basic data for the policy establishment for the conservation and management of existing Hanok-concentrated areas. In order to secure effectiveness of the policy measures suggested in the study, further social efforts and studies are necessary as follows: social consensus building on the concept and definition on the 'conservable Hanok', studies on the standard required for the judgement of a Hanok value, development and studies on the Hanok model to be referred to for providing the conservation scope and principles towards Hanok maintenance and improvement, and follow-up research on concrete measures to operate the tentatively named 'Hanok Promotion District.' Along with this, it is important to consistently expand and promote the investigation on the current status and conduct a maintenance and improvement survey on the Hanok-concentrated residential areas nationwide, as well as in the three cities in order to prepare Hanok revitalization policies. For the conservation and systematic management of existing Hanok-concentrated areas, it is necessary to immediately promote the establishment of a unified higher law, along with the revision of the related laws that are irrational for Hanok.
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