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This study investigates policy measures for the provision of Han-style public buildings as a way to promote Hanok architecture. Han-style is a brand of Korean tradition that is unique and has potential to be promoted with supports by the government. As Han-style public buildings belong to both Hanok and public buildings, this study starts with clarifying the range of Han-style buildings. Generally, Hanok is defined as wood-framed house made of natural materials and covered with Korean traditional roof. However, as Hanok evolves into diverse types, this definition is too limited to cover the whole trends. In this study, Han-style architecture ranges the whole types of Hanok and modern buildings with unique characteristics of Hanok. On the basis of two factors-'convenience for modern life' and 'closeness to the tradition', Han style architecture is categorized into four types ; 'Cultural property', 'Traditional Hanok', 'New-hanok', 'Hanok-style building', 'Han-sil'. 'Traditional Hanok' means modern and premodern buildings which need preservation and management policies. 'New-Hanok' refers to contemporary Hanok which has evolved into diverse ways. This type is the main subject of promotion policy. 'Hanok-style buildings' are buildings designed with traditional motif. Although this is not the subject of promotion policy, it is worth being referred in terms of its convenience for the implementation. Lastly, 'Han-sil' means Hanok space that is partially implemented in contemporary buildings. In terms of public buildings, this study limits the scope of Han-style public buildings to facilities and space environments which are ordered by central and local governments, built with public budget, and opened to the public. On the basis of supportive results from a survey on Han-style public buildings by AURIC, the provision of Han-style facility is expected to result in influential promotion of Hanok among the public. Based on the criteria on Han-style public buildings, 60 completed or almost constructed projects are selected from mass media reports since 2000. The anaylsis shows that, 'New-Hanok' is the leading type among current Han-style public buildings, and Jeolla-do is the most active province promoting Hanok public buildings. Based on the statistical survey on current trends of Han-style public buildings, the following 12 projects are selected and analyzed as representative ones in building types, building programs, design strategy, and locality. Hyewha dong community center is an example of remodeled 'Traditional Hanok'. The second remodeling of restoring Hanok space, 'Maru' and 'Ondol-room' is currently under the construction . The seven examples of 'New-hanok' range from traditional wood structure to mixed structure of concrete and wood. Despite the fact that projects such as Sarang-Jae and Gunja village community center are constructed by carpenters in traditional way, it is notable that space organizations of them were designed to meet modern programs. Guro-gu Hanok Library is also a traditional wood structure building. But it is designed as two-stories Hanok that is rare and creating diverse spaces. It is highly evaluated with its modern programs and diverse transformations of traditional spaces such as 'madang' and 'darak'. Namsan Traditional theater in Seoul and Yun Seondo Museum in Haenam are mixed structure buildings. The underground space with sunken garden and atrium receiving skylight suggests a remarkable solution for maintaining aesthetic values of Hanok's human scale, meeting contemporary program needs by providing bright underground spaces which interact with outdoor spaces. F1 bridge is a long span wood truss traversing auto racing tracks, using steel connectors. It is notable that this modern wood structure displays a traditional appearance. Wan-do forest museum adopted a 15th century wood structural style to present a magnificent appearance, however, it failed in making the interior Hanok space suitable for modern museum programs and unique in its traditional style. Compared to the previous two types of Han-style public buildings, 'Hanok-style building' and 'Han-sil' are easy to be constructed and cost less than other two types. Jeolla Nam-do livestock research institute is a representative example of 'Hanok-style building'. By finishing steel columns and beams with wood, and designing the elevation ration traditional, this two-stories building looks like an Hanok on castle wall. Two projects of Hansil-Children's reading rooms in Sanbon library and Gwansan library are highly valued as satisfying facilities to the neighborhood. In terms of performing process, the flaws revealed from the analysis on twelve projects above would be a reference and a basis for design and management guideline for Han-style public buildings. Along with the analysis on the 12 projects above, it is necessary to inspect current policies and administrative process of Hanok public building projects. Representative current policies and programs by central government are the followings; Intergrated plan for Han-style promotion as a pan-government task (2007~2011), Confucious Tourism development task by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (MCST) (2000~2010) a task for the vitalization of Hanok space (2000~2010), a policy for the promotion of Hanok by the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs(MLTM) (2009), system improvements for Hanok (2009), a plan to promote Global Korea by Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (MFAT) (2009). Similar Hanok promotion policies by local governments are Seoul Hanok manifesto (2008) and Happy village task in Jeolla-namdo. The performing process of Han-style public buildings follows the same phases of general public buildings ; planning, designing, construction, management. Among them, planning is the most important phase deciding the character and quality of Hanok. Thus, the planning role of organizations for Hanok architecture such as 'Bukchon Task Force Team', 'Department of Hanok in Seoul' and 'Division of Happy village' in Jeolla-do is very crucial to the future of Han-style public buildings. As programs of Hanok promotion policy, two demonstrative pilot projects for Han-style public buildings were performed by MLTM and MCST. In both projects, each department played limited role in offering, valuing, budgeting, and supporting projects. As practical performer of projects, local governments were selected based on the submitted reports on the plan, schedule, management of building quality, operation of budgets. Even though work flow and management plan suggested by local governments are insufficient to warrant high-quality Hanok, Hanok facilities and Hanok spaces implemented in public buildings are evaluated to have created positive impacts on neighborhoods. In addition to systematic performance of Hanok task, another prerequisite for boosting Hanok industry is overcoming obstacles to high-quality Hanok construction. The deficient supply of high-quality timber resources, high labor costs for carpenters, and disorganized work flow of Hanok constructions, especially when the structure is mixed structure of traditional wood structure and modern concrete or steel structure, should be solved first. In this sense, new policy measures supporting Hanok industry is important to promote Han-style public buildings. From the analysis above, this study suggests four kinds of policy measures for promoting Han-style public buildings; stimulus measures, supporting measures, management measures, and institutional improvement. Stimulus measures consist of four programs. First, Han-style space can be reintroduced in the community facilities to help neighborhood experience Hanok space in their routine life. Secondly, Jeong-ja(Korean pergola) construction program by the neighborhood can be a good way to educate people. By participating in the whole process of planning, design, construction and management, the neighborhood can learn Hanok throughly. An educational guideline book for Hanok construction by the local government would be helpful for this program. Thirdly, Han-style programs for children can be connected with projects for improving educational facilities by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology(MEST). By doing this, Hanok space can be introduced trough diverse facilities for children. Lastly, informational campaign on Hanok can be incorporated into the training programs for local government officials who would be in charge of architectural works for the province. Supporting measures are funding and material supplying programs. First, funding budget is one of the most effective measures. But the efforts to raise fund should be made in a diverse way as the fund itself is limited. Secondly, domestic timber supplying system for Hanok can be constructed. By connecting this program with that of 'Korea Forest Service', architectural resources can be supplied in low costs, and new demands for domestic timbers that has not been widely used for Hanok can be created. Thirdly, funding current Hanok R&D by MLTM can be considered as a way for developing Han-style public building technologies. Management measures aim to ensure the dignity of Han-style public building spaces. Providing special organizations for Han-style public buildings, design and management guidelines, and reinforcing the standards of qualifications for the construction companies can be considered as detailed measures. Additionally, high maintenance fee of Hanok needs to be took into account. The last one is the institutional improvement measures. By inspecting impediment factors, possible institutional improvements should be suggested for long-lasting promotion of Han-style public buildings. Standards for fireproof construction and building line fall under this case. Above all, the most urgent issue is the development of Architectural Standard Estimating system of Han-style public buildings. For this, current R&D of Architectural standard specifications for Hanok need to be spurred. In the last part of this study, guidelines for Han-style building design and management are suggested. They have three purposes ; being a basis for understanding Hanok's unique architectural elements and its evolution, providing a design guaranteeing the minimum quality of Han-style architecture, and providing management guidelines for government officials' convenience. Han-style public building Design guideline provides criteria on the uniqueness of Hanok space. This goes for 'New-Hanok' type and partially applied to other types. This can be used not only as a guideline for designers, but also as agendas for advisory committee at planning and design phases. Han-style Management guideline aims to provide management standards for examining and managing building condition of New Hanok or remodeled traditional Hanok. This comprises of two types of time-based guidelines with different uses. One is used to examine the completeness of each construction phase by the construction supervisors or architectural officials. Another is used to inspect the condition of Hanok periodically after the construction by architectural officials. To conclude, Han-style public buildings cannot be promoted independently. It carries all the complex problems of current Hanok industry. Moreover, the defective administrative process of public building tasks are obstacles to new policy measures for Han-style public buildings. However, Han-style public buildings are worthy of being studied because they have potentials to play leading roles in promoting Hanok culture and to suggest desirable alternative models for public buildings. |