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¿ä¾à2 Chapter 1. Introduction. In Korea, many of historically important cities have been developed related with rivers. And the area formed around riverside is the most typical public space that has played its pivotal role in buildup city and culture, has had an effect on citizen's everyday lives. However after modernization, riverfront has been developed rapidly to maximize land efficiency and development value. As a result, high density apartment and office buildings have been built, but they were only for the owner's not for citizen who just can see the riverside from far away. Moreover the recent social changes such as urban model towards the low carbon green growth, the reactions for the climate change at the urban level and the requirements for improvement of the quality of life following the economic growth need the new paradigm about the value of river and riverfront in the urban space. Therefore the value of riverfront in the urban space has to be reconsidered and the keynote of plan needs to be established again. So this study aim at suggesting the value of riverfront, requisites for the good riverfront, and also the detail plan and design direction for actualization. This study covers defining of the riverfront and analyzing the issues and implications of 12 cities in Korea and overseas. The case study got the result through map research, GIS analysis, fieldwork, and interview. The existing related studies just focused on the river space or urban space, or the simple introduce of oversea's case, so they are short of the policy aim and barometer that riverfront needed as a public space in the city, and concerning as big urban plan or design for the urban reformation focused on the riverfront. This is the first study that suggest the so-called ' river-nomics' which concerns riverfront as a new power of reforming urban space. Therefore it has meaning that suggest the basic direction of the following study about setting the action strategy such as landscape, space structure, land use for riverfront. Chapter 2. Theoretical consideration and the type of riverfront. In the urban space, the value of the riverfront is offering 1) large scale public space, 2) naturally comfortable circumstances and beautiful landscape, 3) the linear direction in the urban space, 4) ecologically sustainable environment 5) the historical meaning based on the persistence of riverfront. And riverfront has been existing as the following 4 ways. 1) as a daily residential space, 2) commercial business space and historic cultural space, 3) industrial space or creative culture industrial space in the age of industrialization, 4) riverside nature environment conservative space or used for leisure space. Then, why does the discussion about riverfront come out at this point? the first reason is the increasing interest about urban space that human and nature coexisting. The second one is the high requirements of comfortable riverfront as increasing of income level and the interest about tourism, leisure, and health. The third one is the needs for public place as people having higher sense of citizenship. The last one is that the riverfront is coming to the fore as an alternative position to find new growth energy, because of the decline of existing use of riverfront as getting into the age of post-industrialization. Chapter 3. The status and issues of riverfront. To analyze the current status and issues, 4 cities including Gwangju metropolitan city(Gwanju river), Jinju city(Nam river), Gumi city(Nakdong river), Namyangju city(Han river) has chosen concerning the use of riverfront, scale of the city, the scale and character of close river. Compiling the case study, the issues in each aspects of space structure, land-use, landscape and buildings? facilities, environment and infrastructure could be briefed as follows. First of all, the submitted issues in the aspect of space structure were, disconnection and not enough relationship between waterfront and urban space, disconnection of space caused by bank and highway, short of public space and facilities. The issues in the aspect of land-use were undifferentiated and simple land-use planning and the pattern of land-use planning unlinked to around urban area. The issues in the aspect of developing landscape and buildings?facilities were short of waterfront landmark, view points and managing landscape of building, problem with setting the landscape axis, furthermore, closed landscape caused by south-facing high density residential buildings, realization of the sense of place of connatural waterfront space, the matter of systematic using of historical and cultural landscape. The issue in the aspect of environment and infra structure was briefed as coercive design of bank and facilities. Chapter 4. The good cases of waterfront and implications. In this chapter, we analyzed 8 example cities selected in base domestic or oversea's on the chapter 3's analysis frame of riverfront categorized by land-use, then analyzed the well planned examples and the elements for the success. The results of the analysis is as follows. First of all in the aspect of urban space structure, the urban space structure needs to be reorganized focused on the riverfront or the direction of high accessibility to the riverside through supplement of road system, collocating public space on riverside or have to concern site selection of urban planning facilities such as buildings and facilities for citizen. In the aspect of land-use, activated riverfront can be made as composing the land-use of riverside complex and linking the river and urban space. Also in the aspect of landscape and building?facilities, collocating some landmark or landscape viewpoints, landscape axis, and managing the landscape focused on the riverfront, Inducing and control for the restoration of connatural sense of place of riverfront. Last of all in the aspect of environment and infra structure, as changing artificial river to natural eco-friendly river, securing citizen's utilizing and sustainability. And implying integrative planning system for implying design has friendliness to the SOC facilities like bridge and bank and hydrophilic. Chapter 5. Urban planning and Urban design principles for riverfront. The last suggestion of the urban planning and design direction of riverside was categorized 4 kinds roughly, then suggested basic direction, detail strategy, and improving direction of related law. First of all in the space structure part, suggested the direction of reorganizing contents of the urban basic plan like urban growth-axis, green-axis, access-axis as focusing on the riverfront. Also suggested the induction of urban planning facilities' collocation, supplement of public open space ensuring criteria through build up core-type public space, supplement of public space site selection criteria, district-level plan. last of all, suggest to build up pedestrian network which connecting riverside bank to road. In the second land-use part, suggested complex land-use, to realize this, suggested introduction of riverside district or set special planning district in riverfront. For the river-urban space linked land-use, suggested connection of planning process for establishing integral plan. in the third landscape, building and facility part, suggested direction for the complementation of riverside-landscape district, riverside-landscape plan, including the riverside core planning direction in the architect design criteria, controlling the collocation of box-shaped apartment around riverside. Moreover, suggested the direction of system introduction which managing the riverfront has historic, cultural environment as a district. In the forth eco-friendly environment and infra structure, inducing the direction of eco-friendly river creation, suggesting change to low-slope super bank. And also about riverside SOC facilities like dam, bridge, bank, suggesting introduction of design criteria in the process of urban planning facility business, and the process direction for the managing. Chapter 6. Result. The recent topics such as population decline, changes in the urban space like decline of downtown area, reorganization of industrial system cause high interest in riverfront. Also participation of residents in river related project and some local government lead riverside remodeling project offers changing points for our urban space. Thus, this study suggests the basic direction and detailed strategy through the case study to represent the urban planning and design direction and requisites for making good riverfront that meets social and political requirements and changes. Also, in this study suggests the new concept of 'riverside district' for activation of the riverfront and organized control, and moreover suggests other related plan guidelines and a direction for improvement of system, especially the form of 'riverfront governance' that connecting the resident, expert, and the five departments related with river. Afterwards, the detail action strategy about the basic direction in categories; the space structure, land-use, landscape, buildings and facilities, environment and infrastructure that represented in this study will be externalize through the follow-up study. Especially the category of landscape, buildings and facilities has to be the priority cause it effects all over the space structure, land-use, environment and SOC facilities like a bridge, and need to concern the social interests about environment. the riverfront has been developed related on the city space in history. The riverfront that has been far apart from city space after industrialization will be the new power for city growth again, and this study will be the cause of leading new age's paradigm. so this study has a meaning in that point. the age of 'river-nomics' is coming. We hope that this study helps the city restructuring and activating of the riverfront through connecting study of related system with planning. Moreover hope the contents of this study to be materialized and become guideline and policy.
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