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The improvement in quality of life and regeneration of local communities are increasingly recognized as important social problems. In this situation, the systematic management and continuous improvement of public space are acutely needed as a strategy for environmental development of old urban areas. The aim of this research is to provide methods of establishing a master plan for public space as an alternative proposal against the absence of spatial plan and systematic strategy in the area of construction, use and management of urban public space. In order to promote the project of public space successfully, first and foremost, the systematic management and continuous improvement of public space are essential. It is possible to perform an important role to suggest basic direction for local revitalization and urban revitalization. As a method for this investigation, the master plan for public space could be a rough sketch for how public space in a specific area can be constructed and managed. The roles of a master plan for public space could be divided into the method for design, the method for communication and the method for space management. In addition, it is not only a design method to express and explain basic directions, concepts and guidelines of public space through texts, drawings and images after analyzing local conditions but also involves a communication method to negotiate with multiple stakeholders. This research selected examples of international cities that have tried to revitalize urban areas by making public space and have well formulated plans institutionally, and examined these construction processes to understand efficient management and operation. Four cities were selected and analyzed as examples. Copenhagen in Denmark where they continuously changed public space in urban area in favour of pedestrians since 1960s. Nottingham in the United Kingdom and Esslingen am Neckar in Germany where they revitalized old business districts and lagging urban spaces through the improvement of old public space where people can congregate. Nagaoka in Japan where they have a revitalization plan for urban center through complex public projects on the strength of national policy. From these examples, we arrived at five implications. Firstly, the role of public space has changed to a competitive element, and its importance is increasing. Secondly, the flexible planning systems share the established vision, and the roles between plans are distinguished clearly. Thirdly, the careful analysis of current situation, continuous reviews and monitoring systems of the existing urban area operate at the same time. Fourthly, the multiple participation methods are stimulated. Finally, there are collaborative systems between departments in the local government and they have professionalism. In order to examine the problems of public space in small and medium-sized cities in Korea, the typology of public space can be divided into three types. Those are public space as an urban infrastructure, public space relating to public space and public space where is managed and owned jointly by private and public sectors like traditional market. Legal management systems in small and medium-sized cities could be divided into legal plan and illegal plan. In addition, in the case of legal plan, it could be divided into the plans which are established at urban scale and the other plans which are established by business sector. These plans are made and implemented slight differently by the aim of the plan, agent and law, and the discussion and cooperation between agents are insufficient. Main works of public space are dispersed to some departments by its characteristics and management because it needs different functions and management. This research selected four cities in Korea by its population size to investigate the plans and management systems of public space in urban area in small and medium-sized cities. Qualitative research methods such as field surveys and interviews with public officers were implemented and we abstracted eight problems. Firstly, the absence and inequality of public space by public space projects of the outside of old urban center. Secondly, the demand for changing from car based road system to pedestrian based road system. Thirdly, the need for recycling in the existing urban areas where public spaces are lacking. Fourthly, the demand for the aggressive improvement of old central business district as revitalizing public space. Fifthly, the decrease of continuous effects by the shortage of connection between projects (rephrase). Sixthly, the decrease of effectiveness through a limited budget for public space. Seventhly, the need of comprehensive management for understanding current conditions of public space. Eighthly, the absence of validity for related plans for public space. This research suggests the parts of the master plan for public space as an integrated manage method which is based on the implications from case studies and plans that can be related to the existing spatial management system in the local governments. There are some preconditions for an efficient use of master plan for public space. First of all, a bond of sympathy about the necessity for public space should be developed for diverse activities and the field of communication in urban areas. Second, it needs to reinforce the professionalism of administrative department to make plans for public space and implement it. Third, it is important to make fundamental conditions for the improvement of public space by a mature sense of citizenship and active participation. The master plan for public space is composed of the analysis of current conditions, basic strategy and action plan which includes spatial design and related details for projects. Also, the continual feed-back system is essential to interconnect between plans organically. Increasing professionalism of administrative department, utilization and making the negotiation system with local residents and experts are crucial to manage plans effectively and to have executive ability There are three ways to use the master plan for public space. At first, it is possible to make a plan as an administrative plan in the existing planning system. Secondly, it can be planned and used to specific landscape plan as in-law plan. Lastly, it is possible to establish a plan linked with supporting plans from the central government because small and medium sized cities have a high level of dependence on the central government. There are some policy issues which are needed to operate the master plan for public space successfully at central government level and local government level. At local government level, firstly, it should define the role of spatial management and related plans of public space, and reinforce its relationship. Secondly, the administrative department which has a responsibility for the master plan for public space should be clearly designated and the negotiation system between departments has to be improved. Thirdly, the management system to check current conditions of public space and assess the outcome of project should be set up. Fourthly, local experts have to perform an important role to understand local characteristics. Fifthly, the method for communication with residents should be developed. At central government level, firstly, it is important to make a supporting system which considers the local identity of each local area. Secondly, a supporting system which fosters the power of local level should be established. Finally, there is a need to expand human resources for special administrative officers who can perform a role of coordinator. |