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This study discusses alternatives to the conventional urban redevelopment method of clearance, which transforms existing urban space into a large, standardized tissue of land. In particular, this study proposes "housing renewal for preservation of existing tissue", which aims for a gradual improvement of the living environment that preserves the residents' assets and takes into account their financial capabilities. It is a desirable redevelopment method that can actively respond to future changes of social and economic environment. Housing renewal for preservation of existing tissue increases the range where the private and the public space come in contact with each other, and thus maintains a space structure that allows small-scale, self-regulating renewal projects. It also has a potential for letting people of various social status live in the same neighborhood and creating a sustainable settlement that maintains locality based on the accumulated layers of time. Small-scale improvement projects reduce the impact on the environment and provide an opportunity for smaller construction companies to grow. They also allow diverse types of homes to exist in the same neighborhood that consists of different sizes of tissues. Therefore, this study suggests a number of implementation strategies to understand the physical and socio-economic characteristics of the space structure created by housing renewal for preservation of existing tissue, and encourage flexible improvement projects to be carried out by tissues. This study also provides the results of a three-dimensional simulation on the subject district in order to examine the applicability of the proposed implementation strategies. First, this study proposes introducing a system in which residents can request the public authority to designate their neighborhood as "district of housing renewal for preservation of existing tissue," and an improved urban renewal process in which the renewal plan is established based on the consultation between the residents and the public authority, and local characteristics. As a means of implementing the new process described above, this study proposes strategies to enhance urban improvement conditions such as building the infrastructure through cooperation of the public and the private sector, and building community streets and public parking lots through cooperation and coordination of people in neighboring tissues. In addition, this study also discusses how to make an exception to the rules and regulations on construction and urban planning in order to ensure an effective management of small-scale improvement projects. Adding to the physical strategies suggested so far, this study proposes financial and tax support measures to foster small-scale urban improvement projects. One of the measures is providing "block grant" by utilizing the "urban regeneration fund" prescribed in the Urban and Living Environment Improvement Act. It is also important to create the posts of local coordinator and special counselor, foster small- and medium-sized construction companies, and educate residents about the project for sustainable improvement process. Implementation strategies proposed in this study include physical measures, policy and institutional support and ways to mobilize residents. These should be selectively applied to actual projects according to the physical conditions of the area and the socio-economic characteristics of residents. In particular, it is important to take into account the residents' financial capabilities and seek a strategic combination of the proposed measures. A coordinator should play an important role of suggesting a solution that best reflects the conditions and problems of the residential area. Therefore, housing renewal for preservation of existing tissue takes a "puzzle making" approach, in which problems are identified and possible solutions are selectively combined. The following preconditions are required for the proposed implementation strategies to be effectively employed. First, local characteristics should be taken into account in designating an area as urban improvement district, moving away from the uniform improvement method provided in the Urban and Living Environment Improvement Act, the Special Act on Urban Improvement Promotion, the Act on Planning and Use of National Territory and the Urban Development Act. It requires an integration of laws and systems related to urban improvement, which are now different according to regions and project types. Second, it is necessary to consider introducing block grant system, which would enable the public authority to efficiently manage public fund by investing it primarily in a few problematic areas. It is also important to prepare measures to utilize the urban regeneration fund prescribed in the Urban and Living Environment Improvement Act so that urban improvement projects can be carried out gradually and continuously. Third, it is essential to come up with alternative measures to build the infrastructure such as a joint investment by the public and the private sector, or an investment led by the private sector, because the public fund is not enough to enhance urban improvement conditions. This study has limitations that it examines the proposed strategies and measures only by virtual simulation, and that it does not assess problems that could arise in actual improvement projects. Therefore, it is necessary for the public authority to lead a pilot project in the future in order to get an assessment of the feasibility of the proposed implementation strategies, find out their limitations and weaknesses, and develop a generalized urban improvement method. |