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Recently, programs for renewal and improvement of living environment in localities are shifting from traditional top?down approaches with the central government taking the leading role, to horizontal and bottom?up approaches which actively engage local residents and local governments in the decision?making process. Aiming to successfully implement existing local based urban renewal programs, the study carries out studies on foreign policies in order to derive implications for the domestic support system for architectural and urban programs, which is intended to undertake the function of collaboration and coordination among the main players, as well as supporting the players. Through the case studies, the study analyzes local based architectural and urban policies of the countries examined, their project promotion systems and roles of the players involved, and presents directions to the construction of local based governance and the architectural and urban support system. The results of the analysis show that in each country studied, urban renewal policies are currently being implemented as a system to support strengthening of local renewal capacity, rather than in the way the central government takes the lead in the policies. For instance, the U.K. has a dual system for operating and supporting its urban renewal policies while dividing them into area?wide projects and local projects. In particular, the U.K. has in place the CABE, a specialized organization for architectural and urban policies, through which the nation systematically supports architectural and urban programs of each locality at the area?wide level. Urban renewal policies of Japan were initiated as policies for metropolitan land liquidization, and policies for both local and village regeneration, aimed at self?reliant economic capacity and improvement in living conditions of local cities, have been simultaneously promoted. In particular, four centers under the Prime Minister?Urban Renewal Center, Special Restructuring District Center, Local Regeneration Center and CBO Revitalization Center?are in charge of the promotion. In order to achieve effective linkage among policies of these four centers, each secretariat of the centers has been integrated into one so that meetings of each center can be integrated and held among the four. Domestically, entering the 2000¡¯s, urban renewal projects are being actively implemented by primarily local governments and relevant ministries and agencies of the central government. These projects are selected through public subscriptions among project proposals by local governments and funded by relevant central government agencies. According to the study, what decides on the success of these projects is not the initiative of the central government, but the ability for localities to include in the project what is actually needed for their locality, based on active participation of residents and local organizations. Particularly, case study results bring to the fore the significance of local governments¡¯s role of ensuring local capacity for local based projects. In addition, in order to successfully implement local architectural and urban projects, the first priority should be given to the reinforcement of and organizational capacity of local governments. What it means is that, going beyond a simple strengthening of internal organizational capacity, local governments should organize special task forces for village-creation, and introduce separate expert organizations primarily engaged in the field work. Likewise, the countries examined in the case study are currently supporting the establishment of local based governance systems at the national level, targeting construction of a support system to maximize local capacity while sustaining local autonomy as much as possible. Only when the characteristics of the locality concerned is understood and reflected on the projects to the maximum extent possible can architectural and urban programs achieve their expected accomplishments. In this sense, it is urgent for localities to have the capacity to identify their own problems and take the initiative in project promotion. To this end, at the national level, a support system should be established to strengthen the capacity of local governments. At the same time, the central government should foster local organizations and establish organic networks with local governments. Lastly, the central government should nurture outside support organizations at the area-wide level to prop up capacity strengthening, and actively promote information network building to reinforce the linkage. |