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Çѱ¹Àû µµ½Ã¼³°è Æз¯´ÙÀÓ¿¡ °üÇÑ ¿¬±¸ / Study on Korean Urban Design Paradigm |
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Until recently from liberation from the Japanese colonial rule, the top priority of any policies of Korea was economic growth and national development, which enabled the nation to achieve rapid economic growth over past decades. Spatial policies led by the government were also geared to restructuring the urban and territorial environment towards economic growth. In the process, experiences in urban design have been accumulated for both existing cities and New Towns. In the meantime, amid recent changes in urban circumstances, new urban discussions and deliberations on quality improvement are presently taking place domestically. As part of the trends, people are raising the need to reflect on the physical growth of the cities which have been formulated without considering the spatial structure, image and creation principles of the Korean city, and to examine the identity of Korean cities. In other words, there have been discussions on what is true urban space of Korea and what identity Korean cities have, which marks the starting point of exploring future urban design paradigms of Korea. The study aims to present urban design paradigms suitable for Korean cities in the future. This presupposes that the new paradigms should embrace the urban discussions and knowledge system so far, and at the same time, should be suitable for the urban circumstances of Korea and conducive to formulating a Korean urban space in the future. To this end, the study reviews related theories and conducts the analysis of actual urban spaces, expert consultations and interviews, and surveys among the general public and professionals, along with case studies of urban design paradigms overseas. For the analysis of actual urban spaces, the study examines existing cities of Korea including Jeonju City and Changwon City, and New Towns including the Bundang New Town and the Multifunctional Administrative City. For foreign case studies, the research analyzes Seattle of the U. S. and Paris of France. The study first reviews the changing trends in the socio-economic circumstances surrounding Korean cities. Then, it analyzes the characteristics of the urban spatial design appearing in connection with and as a consequent of these socio-economic backgrounds. Lastly, the study explores Korean urban design paradigms of the future based on the urban circumstances and urban design characteristics of Korea. The results of the above analysis indicate that first of all, during the period of national and economic development, development was carried out in the way to effectively adapt to the system for compressed development and growth at the national level. Secondly, for the urban design of a city with a traditional urban structure, the existing urban structure was considered as two-sided in terms of development and conservation. Third, the urban landscape has been formulated in the way the time layers are continuously accumulated, and as a result, there exists traditional and modern landscapes mixed with each other in the urban landscape. Fourth, experts involved in urban design are gradually pursuing communication and collaboration instead of disconnection and division as in the early stage. And lastly, some of the cities have been recently attempting to gradually materialize the urban discussion on deindustrialization and demodernization in their cities. The paradigms of urban design derived from the analysis on the social status and the consequent characteristics of urban design in Korea include restoration of 'Placeness' of a city, adaptation to the social circumstances of Korea, response to the paradigms of demodernization and deindustrialization, citizen participation based on communities, shift to a bottom-up planning system centering around local governments, and inter-disciplinary communication and flexibility in planning. Some of these paradigms are related to the contents of urban design and the others to formal discussions on urban design. These paradigms for Korean urban design can be applied to the local urban designing process in the future. They will make a meaningful extension of existing discussions on Korean urban design and practical experiences. In addition, these paradigms are expected to contribute to transforming Korean cities into a city with identity and competitiveness. Since the study is intended to present Korean urban design paradigms, suggestions of specific urban design terms and guidelines to be applied to practical design proposals are excluded from the study as future research tasks. Accordingly, it is recommendable to conduct follow-up research on specific design techniques and guidelines based on the directions presented in the study. Lastly, the study presents policy suggestions to ensure continuity and implementation capacity for the Korean urban design paradigms as follows: first, each local government should explore the placeness and characteristics Korean cities have had from the beginning and pursue urban identity. Second, in order to transform people's and public workers' awareness, education and public relations are essential. Lastly, discussions and research on Korean urban design should take place from a long-range and consistent perspective. |