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Çѱ¹Áö¿ª°³¹ßÇÐȸÁö , Vol.34 No.4(2022-11) |
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±¹°¡±ÕÇü¹ßÀü; Áö¹æ¼Ò¸ê; »ýŹßÀÚ±¹; Àα¸; À̹Π; Balanced Regional Development; Local Annihilation; Ecological Footprint; Population; Migration |
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This thesis examines population and immigration from the perspective of balanced national development and local annihilation. From a macro perspective, at the global level, population growth is rather a problem. On the other hand, from a microscopic point of view, the population is decreasing in developed countries and increasing in developing countries. Already in 1798, Thomas Robert Malthus had a gloomy forecast of population growth. At that time, the world population was about 3.5 billion people. In 1996, Mathis Wackernagel and William Rees devised the concept of an ecological footprint, which by 1970 had already made the earth unsustainable. Meanwhile, Korea stopped the birth control policy in 1989 when it stopped the contraceptive program. In 1996, the government of the Republic of Korea changed the goal of its population policy from ¡®restriction of birth¡¯ to ¡®improvement of quality¡¯. However, despite spending 280 trillion won in the budget to solve the population problem for the past 16 years, the fertility rate plummeted to 0.75 in the second quarter of 2022. In the Republic of Korea, balanced national development has emerged as an important national policy since the Roh Moo-hyun administration (1998-1993). However, 20 years later, the balanced national development policy has failed or has not achieved the desired result. Not many people believe that balanced national development will be achieved by relocating additional public institutions or giving more money to local governments. Obsolete policies should be discarded and thoroughly revised. Balanced national development can never be achieved with the same policies as before. Among the current balanced national development policies, the most contradictory thing is that for the population concentrated in the metropolitan area, new towns are built to provide housing while promoting local distribution of the population. Housing supply in the metropolitan area and balanced national development are conflicting policies. As the influx of short-term foreign workers became difficult in the COVID-19 situation, farmers, in particular, suffered extreme difficulties due to a shortage of labor. And in this situation, it is carefully suggested as a solution to immigration as a way to solve the labor force. However, in rural areas, not only the labor shortage, but also the cultivated area and income must be comprehensively considered, and the problems sometimes conflict. There are a few things that Korea should consider before introducing full-scale immigration. These are the types of policies that accept foreigners, the difference between urban and rural areas, policies to increase the fertility rate, the formation of migrant-focused residences, and spatial heterogeneity. It is an era of autonomy and decentralization. A differentiated development plan that reflects the characteristics of each local government is the responsibility of each local government. More important than attracting funds and business from the central government is the competitiveness and self-reliance of local governments. And the most fundamental way to increase the fertility rate is to show a vision and hope for the future. This is not a problem that can be solved with childbirth subsidies. |